The Clarendon County school district did not provide school buses for African American students, many of whom consequently walked almost ten miles to attend school. After a boy drowned when trying to reach his school, parents unsuccessfully petitioned to demand buses like those used by white students. School superintendent Joseph DeLaine contacted Thurgood Marshall, chief legal counsel of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), for help with the case. Marshall agreed to argue the case only if DeLaine demanded not only a bus, but also equal facilities, teacher salaries, books, and supplies for Black students. He then presented the case to federal judge J. Waites Waring, who advised him to argue not for equal resources but for integration. About seven months later, Marshall returned to the federal court with a case for integrating Clarendon County schools: Briggs v. Elliot (named after parent Harry Briggs). He lost the case, and due to their involvement, DeLaine and Briggs lost their jobs. However, they appealed the case to the United States Supreme Court, where it was combined with five other cases under the name Brown v. Board of Education, the case famous for ordering the integration of schools. After the decision, those in the case suffered tremendously for their involvement: many lost their jobs and faced harassment. DeLaine had to flee from South